NEW WORLD ANGIOSPERM ENDEMIC FAMILIES ✅

LAST UPDATED IN 29.09.2024
⋵: 'ENDEMICS'

In old classifications, other families endemic to a country were already recognized as valid. It is the case of Leiteriaceae Benth. (DELTA INTKEY), composed by Leitneria floridana Chapm. and L. pilosa J.A.Schrad. & W.R.Graves, known from Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, Georgia and Florida states in U.S.A., now united within Simaroubaceae (POWO); Duckeodendraceae Kuhlmann (DELTA-INTKEY), known only from Duckeodendron cestroides Kuhlmann, endemic to Amazon forest in Amazonas and Pará states in northern Brazil (GBIF), now under Solanaceae; and and Pterostemonaceae (Engl.) Small (DELTA-INTKEY), known from three species endemics to Mexico, now within Iteaceae (POWO).

Finally, some families are almost endemic of countries, such as Stegnospermataceae Nakai in Mexico (4 spp., all in Meexico, 3 endemics and one up to Central America and Caribbean, POWO), and Rhabdodendraceae Gilg. & Pilg. in Brazil (3 spp., all from Brazil, two endemics and one up to Guianas, Venezuela and Colombia, POWO), both Caryophyllales.

BRAZILIAN METAZOA ABSENT LINEAGES ✅

LAST UPDATED IN 29.09.2024
⋵: 'ENDEMICS'

Brazilian 28 absent Metazoa canonic lineages are (1) Xenoturbellida, (2) Nemertodermatida, (3) Filospermoidea, (4) Seisonida, (5) Orthonectida, (6) Rhomboza/Dicyemida, (7) Craniida, (8) Phoronopsis, (9) Monoplacophora, (10) Meiopriapulomorpha, (11) Peripatopsidae, (12) Rhabdopleurida, (13) Asymmetron, (14) Epigonichthys, (15) Hoilungia, (16) Polyplacotoma, (17) Polypodiozoa, (18) Micrognathozoa, (19) Gnosonesimida, (20) Haplopharyngida, (21) Cycliophora, (22) Loxokalypodida, (23) Mesotardigrada, (24) Remipedia, (25) Petromyzontii, (26) Cladistii, (27) Coelacantha and (28) Rhynchocephalia (Brazilian Metazoa, 2023).

BRAZILIAN ABSENT PHYLLA WORLDWIDE, INCLUDING PHYLOGENETIC ISSUES

Nine are monotypics., three are diotypics (Coelacantha 1:1/2 Loxokalypodida 1:1/2 and Cycliophora 1:1/2) and remaining from 3 to 127 spp.: Peripatopsidae (1:41/127), Dicyemida, (3:9/115), Petromyzontii (3:10/48), Monoplacophora (4:8/30), Remipedia (8:12/28), Filospermoidea (2:3/28), Orthonectida (2:5/26), Cladistii (1:2/14), Meiopriapulomorpha (1:1/12), Craniida (1:3/11), Nemertodermatida (2:6/9), Xenoturbelllida (1:1/6), Gnosonesimida (1:1/6), Rhabdopleurida (1:1/5), Seisonida (1:2/4), Phoronopsis (1:1/3) and Haplopharyngida (1:1/3).

Joined, these groups has (46:119/)493 spp.

FULL MAP OF RANGE OF ALL BRAZILIAN METAZOA LINEAGES (UPDATED IN 10 MAR, 2024)

ANIMAL OUTER FAMILIES NEAR BRAZIL

LAST UPDATED IN 29.09.2024

Two mammal families was collected near Brazilina borders, and maybe collected also in country. Both was collected in NE Argentina, near Brazilian border at western bank of Uruguay river, in Rio Grande do Sul state. Lagostomus maximus Desmarest, 1817, belong to rodent family Chinchilidae, a family absent in Brazil, and also occur in Bolivia and Paraguay; Chacodelphys formosa Shamel, 1930, is a marsupial from Didelphidae family, and is a endemic genus for Argentina.

ARGENTINAN RANGE OF LAGOSTOMUS (BLUE DOTS, ECOREGISTROS) AND CHACODELPHYS (PINK DOTS, TETA & PARDINAS, 2007, SEE)

SMALLEST VERTEBRATES FROM BRAZIL✅

LAST UPDATED IN 29.09.2024
⋵: 'ENDEMICS'

Brazil is the world's hotspot for miniaturized Craniata, with the smallest members of Squamata, Amphibian and Actinopterigii from across continental America being endemic to Brazil. More than that, our smallest Amphibia and Actinopterigii are the smallest in the entire Western Hemisphere and are among three of their groups worldwide. The smallest Brazilian Squamata is second in New World only to some nanolizards in the Caribbean on the continent.

Actinopterigii ▸ two of the three smallest Actinipterigii are two Brazilian species from endemic genus Leptophilypnion (Eleotridae): L. fittkaui T. R. Roberts, 2013 known only from Rio Negro in Amazonas state, and L. pusillus T. R. Roberts, 2013 known only from Tapajós River in Pará state (Roberts et al., Intenational Journal of Ichthyology, 2013), with mature lengts of 9.1 to 9,3mm. Over a hundred of Neotropical fishes run as miniaturized, with mature age below 26mm (Piza et al., Neotropical Ichtyology, 2014).

Amphibia ▸ Brachycephalus pulex Napoli, Caramaschi, Cruz & Dias, 2011, found only in southern Bahia, may be even smaller, with adults measuring just 7.1 mm on average, 1 mm lesser Paedophryne amauensis from Papua New Guinea, being the smallest known vertebrate for several sources (Revista Fapesp).

Squamata ▸ smallest Squamata from Brazil and South America, possibly in mainland New World, is Coleodactylus natalensis Freire 1999 (Sphaerodactylidae), known only from remants of Atlantic Forest in Rio Grande do Norte state, NE Brazil, with males and females reach a maximum snout-vent length of 22 and 24 mm (Lisboa, Sales & Freire, Zoologia, 2012). Other species in this genus are very small, and are distributed from Venezuela, Guianas and Brazil except southern parts. Miniaturized lizards also occur in Gymnophthalmidae.

MÚSICAS 1: BAHIA, ANOS 90

1. PROTESTO DO OLODUM (Bamda Mel)

Moçambique hey, por minuto alguém vai morrer, sem ter pão nem água para beber....

2. MADAGASCAR (Banda Reflexu's)

Ilha, ilha do mor, Madagascar

3. SENEGAL (Banda Reflexu's)

Diz povão, Senegal região. 

 

4. BAGDÁ (Bamda Mel)

Oooh, Bagdá, Oooh Bagdá, Ooooooh, Bagdá 

 

AS MAIORES FALÉSIAS DO BRASIL

Os mais significativos sistemas de falésias do Brasil estão nos estados do Ceará (praias do Morro Branco e das Fontes, em Beberibe; Canoa Quebrada, em Aracati; e Redonda, em Icapuí), no Rio Grande do Norte (no município de Touros e na Praia da Pipa, em Tibau do Sul), Paraíba (Ponta do Seixas, em João Pessoa), Alagoas (Praia do Gunga), Bahia (Costa da Praia Dourada, em Mucuri), São Paulo e Rio Grande do Sul (falésias de Torres), conforme Saiba Mais (2021).

Com o objetivo de listar o mais longo sistema contínuo (paredão extenso sem ser interrompido por cursos d'água) da costa brasileira, o Almanaque Z, usando a ferramnta de comprimento do Google Earth, calculou suas extensões lineares, com leve contorno, da extensão de cada uma.

RESULTADO

Todos os sistemas citados acima têm menos de 1200m de extensão com exceção de Beberibe (CE), Touros (RN), da Ponta do Seixas (PB), do Gunga (AL) e da Costa Dourada (BA), sendo estes indubitavelmente os mais longos o país. Apenas um dos trechos da Costa Dourada superaram 2,5 km, chegando a cerca de 2,7 km. O Almanaque Brazil considera, assim, esta a mais longa falésia contínua do Brasil, em comprimento.

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SEE ALSO

QUAL A MAIOR DOLINA DO BRASIL?
DEEPEST POINT OF BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC

NOCTILUCA NO BRASIL

LAST UPDATED IN 29.09.2024

No Brasil os registros de bioluminescência por Noctiluca são entremamente vagos, imprecisos e não documentados cientificamente. Mundo afora, como fenômeno biológico, os bloons deste protista na noite são fartamente documentados, conhecidos e alguns descritos em artigos científicos.

As noctilucas, precisamente Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Kofoid & Swezy, são dinoflagelados da família Noctilucaceae, que ocorrem em todo o mundo; eles produzem luz em flashes como resultado da reação entre luciferina e luciferase, durante estresse mecânico, por isso sua presença é notada em águas agitadas próximo das costas (Wikipedia).

Abaixo, um checklist de registros de bioluminescência de Noctiluca no Brasil, feito em busca rápida pela internet.

• registro na praia do Ervino, São Francisco do Sul, em 18 de julho de 2024 (NSC Total).
• registro feito em Balneário Camboriú, também em 18 de julho de 2024 (G1, com vídeo).
• registro em 28 de julho de 2023, em um clube de canoagem na Baía Norte em Florianópolis às 6h15 (G1, com vídeo).
• registro em vídeos em Capão da Canoa (RS), em janeiro de 2022, dois links (Youtube Link 1, Youtube Link 2).
• registro na região de Torres (RS) por Gabriel Zaparolli em outubro de 2021, publicado pelo Olhar Digital (LINK) e o Met Sul (LINK).
• registro no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul, citado em Souza Cardoso (Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 2012), como um registro jornalístico do Zero Hora, sem mais detalhes.
• registros de ocorrência, curiosamente com tons de extrema ordinaridade, na Ilha do Mel (PR), por JB Litoral (LINK), com um texto com falas de especialistas mas sem registros de foto ou vídeo fiáveis.
• citações, sem nenhum detalhe, de ocorrência também na Ilha do Cardoso (SP), em Desviantes (LINK).

BIOLUMINESCÊNCIA DE NOCTILUCA EM CAPÃO DA CANOA, RS

POST AVULSO: UMA PLANTA ESTRANHA

Por muito tempo uma árvore bastante alongada, plantada na frente de uma concessionária da mais importante avenida de Teresina, Piauí, chamava a atenção pelo seu aspecto. Por mais que este autor que vos fala tivesse curiosidade de saber que espécies era aquela, jamais fez nada para entender. Na sua ignorância, apenas supeitava que era uma Araliaceae, talvez relatado a Schefflera.

Um dia, vasculhando o site Flora of the World, autor enontrou a planta. Ali. Magnifica. Não era uma Schefflera. Não era Araliaceae. Nem Apiales. Nem Eudicots mesmo era. Era, de modo bastante inesperado, uma Annonaceae!! Monoon longifolium (Sonn.) B.Xue & R.M.K.Saunders, antiga Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Thwaites, nativa da Índia e Sri Lanka. Mistério resolvido.

CUSHIONS OF SOUTH AMERICA (EXCEPT BRAZIL)

INTRODUCTION

Cushion plants represent a special life form which usually has character combinations such as short-node intervals, compact branches, solitary flowers or few-flowered racemes, and dome- or mat-shaped cushions. They are common among perennial herbs growing on high-altitude mountains and are thought to be associated with dry and cold environments, such as the high Andes and Patagonia, Himalayas, and New Zealand Alps. Aubert et al. (Alpine Botany, 2014) updated the cushion plants catalogue in which they recognized 1,309 species of 63 families and 273 genera.

This post aims to list the cushions from South America in light of new molecular and distributional data. The primary list follows Alpine Cushions (SEE), but with due corrections via POWO (SEE); names assigned to a country in Alpine Cushions but not assigned in the VPA are in salmon color; the reverse situation (which are all accepted here) is marked in blue.

In this compilation we list 280 cushions in 86 genera at 38 families among 20 orders, 18 if them in Eudicots. By country, the diversities are Venezuela (21 spp. in 12 genera at 10 families), Colombia (38 spp. in 20 genera at 13 familes), Ecuador (53 spp. in 28 genera at 18 families), Peru (72 spp. in 35 genera at 22 families), Bolivia (64 spp. in 34 genera at 22 families), Argentina (194 spp. in 67 genera at 31 families), and Chile (158 spp. in 59 genera at 30 families). Gentianaceae, Malvaceae and Saxifragaceae occur only from Ecuador southwards. Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae and Frankeniaceae occur only from Peru southwards; Oxalidaceae and Bromeliaceae occur only in Bolivia southwards. Restionaceae, Iridaceae, Asteliaceae, Rosaceae, Violaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Montiaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae occur only in Argentina and Chile; Loasaceae only in Chile.

The Top 5 genera (Azorella, Nototriche, Junellia, Pycnophyllum and Benthamiella) composes more than 1/3 of all cushions in South America (90 spp). None of them occur in Brazil. Taxonomic changes: Phyllactis and Aretioides under Valeriana; Petunia under Fabiana; Mulinum under Azorella; Belloa under Mniodes; Deuterocohnia under Dyckia.

Some claims for cushions in South America are not on this list. Jalcophila M.O. Dillon & Sagást. and Aphanactis Wedd. in Asteraceae (K.Kubitzki, vol. VIII, 2007); Englerocharis Musch. (Brassicaceae) from Peru (Al-Shehbaz et al., Kew Bulletin, 2012); Gamocarpha DC. and Moschopsis Phil. (Calyceraceae) from Chile and Argentina (Pozner & al., Taxon, 2021). Ribes frankei Weigend & Breitkopf (Grossulariaceae), endemic to mountains of Peru, is the unique cushion-like species among this family (Weigend ey al., Novon, 2010).

Although there is no citation in the literature, many species of Poales do Brazil could be considered cushions, within the current limits adopted, namely Paepalanthus glabrifolius Ruhland, P. pseudotortilis Ruhland, Leiothrix plantago (Mart.) Giul. and L. curvifolia Ruhland (Eriocaulaceae), Abolboda killipii Lasser and A. americana (Aubl.) Lanj. (Xyridaceae); all of these are endemic to Brazil except the Abolboda Bonpl., which extend into the adjacent countries of the Guiana Shield. In Mexico there are only 13 cushions in 6 genera of two families: Cactaceae with Echinocereus (2), Epitelantha (1), Ferocactus (1), and Mammilaria (7), and Caryophyllaceae with Arenaria bryoides and Colobanthus quitensis.

TAXONOMY

IRIDACEAE ‣ Tapeinia pumila (G.Forst.) Baill. (AR, CH).

ASTELIACEAE ‣ Astelia pumila (J.R.Forst.) Gaudich. (AR, CH).

RESTIONACEAE ‣ Gaimardia australis Gaudich. (AR, CH).

BROMELIACEAE ‣ Dyckia grisebachii Baker (BL, AR syn. Deuterocohnia brevifolia, inc. Deuterocohnia lorentziana).

ERIOCAULACEAE ‣ Paepalanthus karstenii Ruhland (VZ, CL, EC, PR, BL), P. ferreyrae Moldenke (PR), P. lodiculoides Moldenke (VZ, CL, EC, PR), P. pilosus (Kunth) Kunth (VZ, CL, EC, PR), P. stegolepoides Moldenke (VZ); for pulvinate species in northern Andes, see Hensold (PhytoKeys, 2016).

JUNCACEAE ‣ Distichia acicularis Balslev & Laegaard (EC), D. filamentosa Buchenau (PR, BL, CH), D. muscoides Nees & Meyen (CL, EC, PR, BL, AR, CH), Oxychloe andina Phil. (PR, BL, AR, CH), O. bisexualis Kuntze (AR, CH), O. castellanosii Barros (AR), O. haumaniana (Barros) Barros (AR, CH), O. mendocina Barros (AR), Patosia clandestina (Phil.) Buchenau (BL, AR).

Distichia muscoides Nees & Meyen, D. filamentosa Buchenau, Oxychloe andina Phil.

CYPERACEAE ‣ Carpha alpina R.Br. (CH), Oreobolus cleefii L.E.Moro (CL, EC, PR), O. ecuadorensis T.Koyama (CL, EC, PR), O. goeppingeri Suess. (VZ, CL, EC, PR, BL), O. obtusangulus Gaudich. (VZ, CL, EC, PR, BL, CH), O. venezuelensis Steyerm. (VZ, CL, EC, PR, BL), Rhynchospora oreoboloidea Gómez-Laur. (CL, EC), Phylloscirpus deserticola (Phil.) Dhooge & Goetgh. (EC, PR, BL, AR, CH), Zameioscirpus atacamensis (Phil.) Dhooge & Goetgh. (PR, BL, AR), Z. gaimardioides (É.Desv.) Dhooge & Goetgh. (PR, AR, CH), Z. muticus Dhooge & Goetgh. (PR, BL, AR, CH); for range in northern Andes, see Springer Nature (LINK).

Oreobolus obtusangulus Gaudich., Zameioscirpus atacamensis (Phil.) Dhooge & Goetgh.

XYRIDACEAE ‣ Xyris subulata Ruiz & Pav. (GU, VZ, CL, EC, PR).

POACEAE ‣ Aciachne pulvinata Benth. (VZ, CL, EC, PR, BL), A. acicularis Laegaard (VZ, CL, EC, PR, BL, AR), A. flagellifera Laegaard (CL, EC), Deschampsia venustula Parodi (AR, CH).

Aciachne pulvinata Benth., A. acicularis Laegaard

RANUNCULACEAE ‣ Caltha appendiculata Bercht. & J.Presl (AR, CH), C. sagittata Cav. (EC, PR, BL, CH).

SAXIFRAGACEAE ‣ Saxifraga magellanica Poir. (EC, PR, BL, AR, CH, inc. S. adenodes Poepp. ex Sternb.), Saxifragella bicuspidata (Hook. f.) Engl. (AR, CH).

Saxifraga magellanica Poir.

FABACEAE ‣ Adesmia aconcaguensis Burkart (AR), A. aegiceras Phil. (AR, CH), A. ameghinoi Speg. (AR), A. aueri Burkart (AR), A. caespitosa Phil. (AR, CH), A. digitata Burkart (AR), A. echinus C.Presl (AR, CH), A. erinacea Phil. (BL, AR, CH), A. frigida Phil. (CH), A. glomerula Clos (AR, CH), A. neglecta M.N.Correa (AR), A. horrida Hook. & Arn. (BL, CH), A. occulta (R.E.Fr.) Burkart (PR, BL, CH), A. pentaphylla Phil. (AR, CH), A. salicornioides Speg. (AR, CH), A. serrana M.N.Correa (AR), A. subterranea Clos (AR, CH), Anarthrophyllum burkartii Soraru (AR), A. desideratum (DC.) Benth. (AR, CH), A. gayanum (A.Gray) B.D.Jacks. (AR, CH), A. patagonicum Speg. (AR).

Adesmia erinacea Phil., A. occulta (R.E.Fr.) Burkart

OXALIDACEAE ‣ Oxalis compacta Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. (AR), O. erythrorrhiza Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. (AR), O. holosericea Phil. (CH), O. hypsophila Phil. (BL, CH, AR), O. loricata Dusén (AR), O. muscoides Phil. (AR).

Oxalis hypsophila Phil.

ROSACEAE ‣ Acaena alpina Poepp. ex Walp. (AR, CH), A. caespitosa Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. (AR, CH), A. confertissima Bitter (AR), A. lucida Vahl (AR, CH).

VIOLACEAE ‣ Viola auricolor Skottsb. (AR, CH), V. dasyphylla W.Becker (AR).

THYMELAEACEAE ‣ Drapetes muscosus Hook.f. (AR, CH).

BRASSICACEAE ‣ Brayopsis colombiana Al-Shehbaz (CL, EC), B. calycina (Desv.) Gilg & Muschl. (PR, BL, AR), B. diapensioides (Wedd.) Gilg & Muschl. (PR, BL), Dactylocardamum imbricatifolium Al-Shehbaz (PR), Delpinophytum patagonicum (Speg.) Speg. (AR), Draba aretioides Humb. & Bonpl. ex DC. (EC), D. depressa Hook.f. (CL, EC, PR), D. gilliesii Hook. & Arn. (AR, CH), D. obovata Benth. (EC), Eudema nubigena Humb. & Bonpl. (EC), E. hauthalii Gilg & Muschl. (AR, CH), E. werdermannii O.E.Schulz (AR, CH), Lithodraba mendocinensis (Hauman) Boelcke (AR), Onuris hatcheriana (Gilg ex Macloskie) Gilg & Muschl. (AR, CH), Physaria okanensis Al-Shehbaz & Prina (AR), Xerodraba colobanthoides Skottsb. (AR), X. glebaria (Speg.) Skottsb. (AR), X. lycopodioides (Speg.) Skottsb. (AR), X. monantha (Gilg ex Kuntze) Skottsb. (AR), X. patagonica (Speg.) Skottsb. (AR, CH), X. pectinata Skottsb. (AR, CH), X. pycnophylloides (Speg.) Skottsb. (AR).

Draba depressa Hook.f., Dactylocardamum imbricatifolium Al-Shehbaz

Brayopsis colombiana Al-Shehbaz, Eudema nubigena Humb. & Bonpl.

GERANIACEAE ‣ Geranium crassipes Hook. ex A.Gray (CL, PR), G. sericeum Willd. ex Spreng. (EC).

Geranium sericeum Willd. ex Spreng.

MALVACEAE ‣ Nototriche azorella Hill (PR, CH), N. auricoma A.W. Hill (CH), N. compacta A.W. Hill (PR).

, CH, AR, CH), N. ecuadoriensis Fryxell (EC), N. flabellata (Wedd.) A.W. Hill (PR, BL), N. holoserica A.W. Hill (AR, CH), N. jamesonii A.W.Hill (EC, syn. N. hartwegii A.W. Hill), N. obcuneata (Baker f.) A.W. Hill (PR, BL, CH), N. orbignyana (Wedd.) A.W. Hill (PR, BL, CH), N. parviflora A.W. Hill (AR, CH), N. pediculariifolia (Meyen) A.W. Hill (PR, BL, CH), N. philippii A.W. Hill (AR, CH), N. phyllanthos (Cav.) A.W. Hill (EC, PR, inc. N. pichinchensis (Bonpl.) A.W. Hill), N. polygama Krapov. (BL), N. pulvilla A.W. Hill (AR), N. sajamensis (Hieron.) A.W. Hill (PR, BL), N. stipularis (Phil.) A.E.Martic. (BL, CH), N. turritella A.W. Hill (PR, BL, CH).

Nototriche compacta A.W. Hill, Nototriche obcuneata (Baker f.) A.W. Hill, Nototriche phyllanthos (Cav.) A.W. Hill

FRANKENIACEAE ‣ Frankenia triandra Remy (PR, BL, AR, CH; inc. Pycnophyllum pilgerianum Muschl).

Frankenia triandra Remy

PLUMBAGINACEAE ‣ Armeria curvifolia Bertero (AR, CH), A. maritima Willd. (AR, CH).

MONTIACEAE ‣ Calandrinia caespitosa Gillies ex Arn. (AR), C. colchaguensis Barnéoud (AR), C. ferruginea Barnéoud (CH), C. potentilloides Barnéoud (AR), C. sericea Hook. & Arn. (AR).

CACTACEAE ‣ Airampoa soehrensii (Britton & Rose) Lodé (PR, BL, CH, inc. Tunilla soehrensii (Britton & Rose) D.R. Hunt & Iliff), Austrocylindropuntia floccosa (Salm-Dyck ex Winterfeld) F.Ritter (PR, BL), Copiapoa ahremephiana N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles (CH), C. cinerascens (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose (CH), C. dealbata F.Ritter (CH), C. longistaminea F.Ritter (CH), C. solaris (F.Ritter) F.Ritter (CH), Cumulopuntia boliviana (Salm-Dyck) F.Ritter (PR, BL, AR, CH; inc. Maihueniopsis bolivianum (Salm-Dyck) R. Kiesling and M. pentlandii (Salm-Dyck) R. Kiesling), Gymnocalycium monvillei (Lem.) Pfeiff. ex Britton & Rose (AR), M. glomerata (Haw.) R. Kiesling (BL, AR, CH), Opuntia atacamensis Phil. (CH).

Austrocylindropuntia floccosa (Salm-Dyck ex Winterfeld) F.Ritter, Cumulopuntia boliviana (Salm-Dyck) F.Ritter, Tunilla soehrensii (Britton & Rose) D.R. Hunt & Iliff

CARYOPHYLLACEAE ‣ Arenaria bisulca (Bartl.) Fenzl ex Rohrb. (PR, AR), A. denticulata Phil. (CH), A. dicranoides Kunth (VZ, EC, PR, BL), A. musciformis Triana & Planch. (VZ, CL, EC), A. venezuelana Briq. (VZ, CL), Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. (CL, EC, PR, BL, CH), C. lycopodoides Griseb. (AR, CH), C. subulatus (d'Urv.) Hook.f. (AR, CH), Paronychia sessiliflora Nutt. (BL), Pycnophyllum argentinum Pax (BL, AR), P. bryoides (Phil.) Rohrbach (PR, BL, AR, CH), P. glomeratum Mattf. (PR, AR, CH), P. macropetalum Mattf. (PR, BL, AR, CH), P. mattfeldii J.F. Macbr. (PR, BL), P. molle Remy (CL, PR, BL, AR, CH), P. spathulatum Mattf. (BL, CH), P. stuebelii Mattf. (BL), P. tetrastichum Remy (PR, BL, AR, CH, inc. P. kobalanthum Mattf.), P. muscosa Skottsb. (AR), P. convexum Griseb. (AR), P. mucronulatum Mattf. (AR), Philippiella patagonica Speg. (AR, CH), Reicheella andicola (Phil.) Pax (CH), Silene haumanii Bocquet (AR).

Arenaria bisulca (Bartl.) Fenzl ex Rohrb., A. dicranoides Kunth, A. musciformis Triana & Planch.

Pycnophyllum bryoides (Phil.) Rohrbach, P. molle Remy

Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl.

LOASACEAE ‣ Loasa caespitosa Phil. (CH).

ERICACEAE ‣ Disterigma empetrifolium (Kunth) Nied. (VZ, CL, EC, PR, BL).

Disterigma empetrifolium (Kunth) Nied.

GENTIANACEAE ‣ Gentianella armerioides (Griseb. ex Gilg) J.S.Pringle (PR, BL), Halenia minima C.K. Allen (EC), Halenia pusilla Gilg (PR, BL).

Halenia minima C.K. Allen

RUBIACEAE ‣ Oreobolus obtusangulus Gaudich. (AR), O. glacialis (Poepp.) Ricardi (AR, CH).

SOLANACEAE ‣ Benthamiella azorella (Skottsb.) C.Soriano (AR), B. azorelloides Speg. (AR, CH), B. chubutensis C.Soriano (AR), B. graminifolia Skottsb. (AR), B. lanata C.Soriano (AR), B. longifolia Speg. (AR), B. nordenskjoldii Dusén (AR), B. patagonica Speg. (AR, CH), B. pycnophylloides Speg. (AR), B. skottsbergii C.Soriano (AR), B. sorianoi S.Arroyo (AR), B. spegazziniana C.Soriano (AR, CH), Combera minima Sandwith (CH), Fabiana australis Alaria (AR), F. foliosa (Speg.) S.C.Arroyo (AR), F. nana (Speg.) S.C.Arroyo (AR), Pantacantha ameghinoi Speg. (AR).

CALCEOLARIACEAE ‣ Calceolaria mendocina Phil. (AR, CH), C. pennellii Descole & Borsini (AR), C. pinifolia Cav. (AR, CH), C. prichardii (Rendle) Kraenzl.

LAMIACEAE ‣ Hedeoma mandoniana Wedd. (PR, BL, AR).

Hedeoma mandoniana Wedd.

PLANTAGINACEAE ‣ Plantago barbata G.Forst. (AR, CH), P. rigida Kunth (VZ, CL, EC, PR, BL), P. sempervivoides Dusén (AR, CH), P. tubulosa Decne (VZ, EC, PR, BL), P. uniglumis Wallr. ex Walp. (AR, CH).

Plantago rigida Kunth, P. tubulosa Decne 

VERBENACEAE ‣ Junellia aretioides (R.E.Fr.) Moldenke (BL, AR, CH), J. azorelloides (Speg.) Moldenke (AR), J. caespitosa (Gillies & Hook., CH) Moldenke (AR), J. congesta (Tronc.) Moldenke (AR), J. digitata (Phil.) Moldenke (BL, CH, AR, CH), J. erinacea (Gillies & Hook.) Moldenke (AR), J. micrantha (Phil.) Moldenke (CH), J. minima (Meyen) Moldenke (PR, BL, AR), J. mulinoides (Speg.) Moldenke (AR), J. odonellii Moldenke (AR, CH), J. pappigera (Phil.) N. O'Leary & P. Peralta (AR, CH), J. patagonica (Speg.) Moldenke (AR, CH), J. silvestrii (Speg.) Moldenke (AR, CH), J. toninii (Kuntze) Moldenke (AR, CH), J. uniflora (Phil.) Moldenke (AR, CH).

Junellia minima (Meyen) Moldenke 

ASTERACEAE ‣ Abrotanella diemii Cabrera (AR), A. emarginata (Cass. ex Gaudich.) Cass. (AR, CH), A. linearifolia A.Gray (CH), A. purpurea Swenson (AR, CH), A. submarginata A.Gray (CH), A. trichoachaenia Cabrera (AR, CH), A. trilobata Swenson (AR, CH), Baccharis aretioides Turcz. (EC), Brachyclados caespitosus (Phil.) Speg. (AR), Belloa chilensis Remy (BL, AR, CH), Burkartia lanigera (Hook. & Arn.) Crisci (AR), Chuquiraga aurea Skottsb. (AR), Erigeron leptopetalus Phil. (AR, CH), E. rosulatus Wedd. (PR, BL, AR, CH), Gamochaeta nivalis Cabrera (AR,CH), Lucilia kunthiana (DC.) Zardini (VZ, CL, EC, PR, BL), Mniodes aretioides Cuatrec. (PR, BL), M. caespititia (Wedd.) Quip. & M.O.Dillon (BL), M. longifolia (Cuatrec. & Aristeg.) Sagást. & M.O.Dillon (VZ, CL, EC, PR, BL), M. radians (Benth.) Sagást. & M.O.Dillon (VZ, CL, EC), M. schultzii (Wedd.) S.E.Freire, Chemisquy, Anderb. & Urtubey (EC, PR, BL, AR, CH inc. M. virescens (Wedd.) Cabrera), Monticalia microdon (Wedd.) B.Nord. (EC), Nardophyllum bryoides (Lam.) Cabrera (AR, CH), Nassauvia ameghinoi Speg. (AR), N. pentacaenoides Speg. (AR), Raouliopsis pachymorpha (Wedd.) S.F.Blake (CL), R. seifrizii S.F.Blake (CL), Senecio culcitenellus Cuatrec. (AR, CH), S. depressus Hook. & Arn. (AR, CH), S. digitatus Phil. (AR, CH), S. skottsbergii Cabrera (AR, CH), S. subdiscoideus Sch.Bip. ex Wedd. (PR, BL, AR, CH), Werneria aretioides Wedd. (PR, BL, AR, CH), W. humilis Kunth (CL, EC, PR, BL), W. poposa Phil. (PR, BL, AR), W. pumila Kunth (CL, EC, PR, AR), W. pygmaea Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. (VZ, CL, EC, PR, BL, CH), W. rosea Hieron. (EC), Xenophyllum incisum (Phil.) V.A.Funk (AR, CH), X. pseudodigitatum (Rockh.) V.A.Funk (AR, CH).

Erigeron rosulatus Wedd. and Werneria aretioides Wedd.

Mniodes schultzii (Wedd.) Cabrera, Senecio subdiscoideus Sch.Bip. ex Wedd., Xenophyllum humile (Kunth) V.A.Funk

STYLIDIACEAE ‣ Donatia fascicularis J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (AR, CH), Phyllachne uliginosa J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (AR, CH).

CAMPANULACEAE ‣ Lysipomia aretioides Kunth (EC, PR), L. muscoides Hook.f. (CL, EC, PR).

Lysipomia muscoides Hook.f.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE ‣ Valeriana alypifolia Kunth (EC), V. aretioides Kunth (EC, PR, BL), V. corynodes Borsini (AR), V. densa (Wedd.) Höck (BL), V. macrorhiza Poepp. ex DC. (BL, AR, CH), V. rigida Ruiz & Pav. (CL, EC, PR, BL), V. sedifolia d'Urv. (AR, CH, inc. Aretiastrum magellanicum (Decne.) Skottsb.).

Valeriana rigida Ruiz & Pav.

APIACEAE ‣ Azorella albovaginata (Gillies & Hook.) G.M.Plunkett & A.N.Nicolas (AR, CH), A. ameghinoi Speg. (AR, CH), A. aretioides (Kunth) Willd. ex DC. (CL, EC, PR, AR), A. biloba (Schltdl.) Wedd. (CL, EC, PR, BL, AR, CH), A. corymbosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. (CL, EC, PR), A. compacta Phil. (PR, BL, AR, CH), A. crassipes Phil. (AR, CH), A. crenata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. (VZ, CL, EC, PR), A. diapensioides A.Gray (PR, BL, AR, CH), A. diversifolia Clos (AR, CH), A. filamentosa Lam. (AR, CH), A. fuegiana Speg. (AR, CH), A. hallei (Skottsb.) G.M.Plunkett & A.N.Nicolas (AR), A. julianii Mathias & Constance (VZ, CL), A. lycopodioides Gaudich. (AR, CH), A. madreporica Clos (AR, CH), A. microphylla (Cav.) G.M.Plunkett & A.N.Nicolas (AR), A. monantha Clos (AR, CH), A. multifida (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. (VZ, CL, EC, PR, BL), A. nivalis Phil. (AR, CH), A. patagonica Speg. (AR, CH), A. pectinata Phil. (CH), A. pedunculata (Spreng.) Mathias & Constance (CL, EC), A. pulvinata Wedd. (PR, BL), A. prolifera (Cav.) G.M.Plunkett & A.N.Nicolas (AR, CH), A. ruizii G.M.Plunkett & A.N.Nicolas (AR, CH), A. selago Hook.f. (AR, CH), A. spinosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. (AR, CH), A. trifoliolata Clos (AR, CH), A. trifurcata (Gaertn.) Pers. (AR, CH), A. trisecta (H.Wolff) Mart.Fernández & C.I.Calviño (BL, AR, CH; syn. Mulinum crassifolium), A. valentini (Speg.) Mart.Fernández & C.I.Calviño (AR, CH), Bolax caespitosa Hombr. & Jacquinot ex Decne (AR, CH), B. gummifera (Lam.) Spreng. (AR, CH).

Azorella compacta Phil., A. diapensioides A.Gray

BRAZILIAN FLORA TREASURES

ANGIOSPERM FAMILIES ABSENTS IN SOUTH AMERICA

MAGNOLIIDS - 8